Friday, June 22, 2007

Keys to motivation are responsibilities and dignity

A malaysian women who share her pole to pole mission experiences to a group of student. She said the keys to motivation are responsibilities and dignity and do things that you want and dare to do. She said there are many of opportunities out there but is wheather you want to take the advantage of them or not. The advice was part of a formula for motivation that had created for herself.

The student watched her in awe as the sports psychologist showed a vedio and photograps of her journey throught difficult conditions to become the first Asian women to complete a pole to pole mission. ( south and north pole.) One student remarks that she like her enthusiasm and very fascinating to find out about her experience and said that she wanted to follow her footstep or be like her, a adventourage women.

Friday, May 11, 2007

Motivation in working place

Motivation is most use in working place for the stall to achived the goals the company set for. Most company are giving incentive allowance if the staff passed the target amount. Others will motivated their staff by yearly bonus or better increaments. This types of motivation are most practise by directed sales company or insurance.

Now factory or supermarket are practicing this types of motivation as good manpower will not stayed in the company if the incentive and the working enviroment is not good. I joined a supermarket company in Penang for about two years. The ingrement and promotion are base on your sales and performers and a yearly trips with family are changing free to the best sales people.

Wednesday, April 04, 2007

People with have high motivation

Most highly respected person have high motivation in themself as motivation is the key in accomplishing in all their goals and lead them to well known persons and towards successful and happy life. People without motivation are people without ampicious. They are happy and contented with their jobs and would never aim for promotion besides this people are most followers of other people.

There are ways a person can motivated themself to be a highly success person. One way is failure as failure gives the urge to keep on trying until they achives the goals of success. As success always meet with failure. So all respected person has under go failure before they are successful person.

Aim what you want to be, you can start by learning to accomplish a smaller goals and later you can motivated to take on the biger challenges. People who had motivation are peoples whose has develop a vision control their own life and destiny. With no vision, your life and destiny are controlled by outside forces. If you have dreams motivate your dream to achived yours goals as dream is power. To be highly motivated you have to change your bad lifestyle and bad habits to be one day a well respected and successful persons

Friday, February 23, 2007

Motivation for sales staff

Most sales company today are giving incentive or sales commision if you pass the target of your monthly sales as one of the steps of motivation. Other steps of motivation is a holiday vacation, some even included the family in the holiday vacation. With the cash incentive the motivation of the staff is very high and besides that one custombers can expects good services from them.

Another ways of motivation for the staff is the tops sales of the month or even year incentive where gift or price money and certificate is giving besides sales commision. Picture and names of the top sales will hang up as a ways to promoted self motivation among the staff.

Saturday, January 27, 2007

Motivated your dream

Most people have dream but they do not know how to motivate their dream to achived their goals for what they want to be or the things what he wants in his lives. For instance I had a friend who had big dreams of owning a big house, a BMW and a boss of his own owning a business. So he start to write his dream goals in a pieces of paper and started to motivate himself that he will one day he can achived his dream to be a boss. He sarted his business by selling handphone and now he is owning seven handphone shop and two boutique shop and staying in a three storey house and driving a BMW car.

Most successful people has been motivated by a vision. So don't let depression kill your motivation. If you had a dream pursue with your dream as one day you were be a successful person with a big dream.

Tuesday, November 14, 2006

Staff motivation

In today's organizations employees were considered tools to produce goods, sales and services. Some employer set target for their employee as goal setting is extremely important to motivation and success for a big company. Some company gives commision to their employee if they pass the target of the sales as one of the motivation.

Employer started to realizing that money are not solely the only way to motivated their staff by giving nice wages. They started to look into working enviroment as to make them enjoy their works, job security, job promotions, yearly vacation, year end dinner and apprisation rewards and family outing. Some company even give family menbers medical care benifits. With this benifit the motivation of the employee would be very high.

Wednesday, October 18, 2006

motivation in working place

A good employer should understand the essential that you empathize with your employees. Know about their family and what they do after working hours and what interests is. This is not meant to be interfere into an employee's personal life, but knowing an employee can help you to resolve what motivates that employee. Different people are motivated by dissimilar things. What does the employee want? What do they want from this job, from their life, and for their future? Reaching goals can be difficult. Helping someone to reach a goal at work is impossible if you do not know what that goal is.

Take a few minutes out of your day to just talk with your employees. Give them an opportunity to voice their opinions and concerns or simply ask how their week went. This will demonstrate how much you care about his or her happiness within the company.

Most employees start out in a job on the bottom with hopes of advancement.
Understand the employees' feelings about their career. Most employees start out in a job on the bottom with hopes of advancement. One way to increase employee drive is to discuss the likelihood of advancement or lateral movement within the company structure. It might be a different position, or a promotion, in a sister company. Your employees should know that you care about the things that they care about. Let them know that you are there to help them achieve their goals and this will motivated the staff to do better in their job and also to achieve the goal you want.

Friday, October 06, 2006

motivation theorists

There are several motivational theories that trace their roots to the information processing approach to learning. These approaches focus on the categories and labels people use help to identify thoughts, emotions, dispositions, and behaviors.

he first is cognitive dissonance theory which is in some respects similar to disequilibrium in Piaget's theory of cognitive development. This theory was developed by Leon Festinger (1957) and states that when there is a discrepancy between two beliefs, two actions, or between a belief and an action, we will act to resolve conflict and discrepancies. The implication is that if we can create the appropriate amount of disequilibrium, this will in turn lead to the individual changing his or her behavior which in turn will lead to a change in thought patterns which in turn leads to more change in behavior.

Most motivation theorists assume that motivation is involved in the performance of all learned responses; that is, a learned behavior will not occur unless it is energized. The major question among psychologists, in general, is whether motivation is a primary or secondary influence on behavior. That is, are changes in behavior better explained by principles of environmental/ecological influences, perception, memory, cognitive development, emotion, explanatory style, or personality or are concepts unique to motivation more pertinent.

Wednesday, September 27, 2006

motivation within ourselves

Motivation itself is a fantastic concept, you feel great and you are moved to take action because of this feeling. So, the first thing we need to do to create motivation within ourselves is to first decide what we actually want!
With goals I want to achieve in a short period of time, I make a dream diary.

Most people remain unmotivated because they are not pursuing a big enough dream, or no dream at all. If you have a big and compelling enough dream, the motivation will come naturally. Write your goals on a pieces of paper and place them where you will see them daily. You need to remind yourself often of the dreams you have for yourself. Keep your mind on the things you want and off the things you don’t. Dream can motivated you to achived your goals. If you dream to be a boss you must motivated yourself that one day I will be a boss of myself. Dont let depression kill your motivation.

Depression is a major motivation killer. People who are depressed will experience a significant decrease in motivation. In order to combat this it may be necessary for the person to use medication therapy to treat the depression. Depression may cause the person to experience a lack of desire to even get out of bed. It may be difficult for the person to leave the house or even to complete daily tasks. A motivation strategy to combat this is for the patient to first get a physical to make sure that the depression is not a symptom of an underlying, serious health condition, and then seek psychological counseling and possible medication therapy. Motivation success is possible if proper steps are taken to seek treatment.

Monday, September 18, 2006

Motivation the key succeed

Motivation is the key in accomplishing all your goals. Motivation is the common
factor among those who are high achievers. Highly motivated can lead you towards a successful and exciting life.

The individual who is extremely motivated and successful has been motivated by a
vision. People who develop a vision control their own life and destiny.The quest for freedom is the basis for motivation. Total freedom is not necessarily desirable or possible, but the pursuit of that ideal is what motivates us to succeed.

Develop a major goal, but take a specified path to get there. You'll have man smaller goals to reach before you get to the final result.

The power of your dreams is the primary factor in becoming motivated If you want to succeed in reaching your goals, you must be willing to take a risk and lose.


True motivation is not only a learned skill; it is developed due to a need or desire to make our dreams a reality.

If you want to find inner motivation, you must identify your goals and set out on an unwavering path to achieve them.

Monday, September 11, 2006

motivation : How Does Motivation Activate, Direct, and Sustain Action?

The chapter begins with a general overview of motivation and describes the four essential qualities of motivational states: They energize and direct behaviors, help the organism to persist toward a goal, and exist in varying strengths. Most motivational theories view behaviors as a way of maintaining equilibrium, and several aspects of this process (homeostasis, negative feedback model, set point) are explored. Pay special attention to the difference in emphasis between the more biologically based idea of instincts versus the psychologically based idea of needs. Both concepts involve the initiation of behavior; however, instincts focus more on unlearned, automatic actions, whereas needs allow more leeway for environmental influence. Hedonism, the tendency to seek pleasure and avoid pain, is a general motivational principle that extends back at least to the time of the ancient Greeks. The idea was integrated into Freudian motivational theory with the concept of the pleasure principle. Finally, the authors present several examples of how hedonism is adaptive in that it promotes survival and reproduction.

How Do Cognitive, Social, and Cultural Factors Influence Motivation?
The next section of the chapter moves further away from the idea of motivation as simple biological instincts and considers additional environmental influences that activate and sustain behavior. We are motivated by extrinsic factors such as incentives and rewards. However, we also are motivated by extrinsic factors such as incentives and rewards. However, we also are motivated by intrinsic factors such as novelty, play, and creativity. A surprising research finding in this area is Mark Lepper's contention that rewards can actually undermine intrinsically motivated behavior. Psychological scientists continue to investigate the ramifications of this for education, business, and child-rearing. Individuals are also motivated to attain personal goals, and the self-regulation of behavior is the process by which people initiate, adjust, or stop actions in this pursuit. Goals that are challenging, difficult, and specific seem to be the most productive. They also give rise to feelings of self-efficacy or the expectancy that your efforts will lead to success. Self-awareness of one's personal standards also serves to regulate behavior. The process of deindividuation occurs when self-awareness is low, and it can result in some surprising disinhibited behavior (e.g., spring break, athletic events). Finally, the self-regulatory process of delay of gratification is investigated. The understanding of this crucial, adaptive function has increased with recent advances in behavioral neuroscience.

© 2003 - 2006 W.W. Norton & Company

motivation :Building Motivation

Project Based Learning allows teachers to create tasks whose complexity and openness mimic problems in the real world. Students can see the interdisciplinary nature of these tasks, and see that each task may have more than one solution. Students who have the freedom to choose different strategies and approaches may become more engaged in the learning process, and these students will be more likely to approach other problems with an open mind.

In addition, students who are involved in creating the project assignment or the project checklist gain valuable experience in setting their own goals and standards of excellence. This gives students a sense of ownership and control over their own learning. Learners have the added opportunity to identify related sub-topics and explore them in a project based scenario. Teaching with the project based method enables students to work cooperatively with peers and mentors in a student-centered environment where learners are encouraged to explore various topics of interest.

Projects that have depth, duration, and complexity will challenge students and motivate them towards construction of knowledge. They will acquire problem-solving, communication, collaboration, planning, and self- evaluation skills. After completing a project, ask students to create a self-evaluation of the project. This enables the students to focus on their learning process and allows them to see their progress. Self-evaluation gives students a sense of accomplishment and further instills responsibility for learning.

Learners who can see the connection between a project based task and the real world will be more motivated to understand and solve the problem at hand. Students enjoy learning when learning makes sense. Project Based Learning lends itself to many disciplines. It provides learners the opportunity to have a voice in how and what they learn, while building intrinsic motivation towards problem-solving.

Copyright. © 2006, 2005, 2004, 2003, 2002, 2001, 2000 ALTEC, the University of Kansas.

Monday, September 04, 2006

motivation : How to Find Motivation for Oneself?

What are the prerequisites of one’s success in this or that sphere? Indeed, they are many, like personal qualities, strong will, an element of luck etc. However, among these things motivation is probably the most important. Why? Because it is due to motivation a person moves ahead in the direction of achieving certain goal. If you are motivated towards accomplishments, necessary qualities like diligence, persistence, patience, etc. will be revealed and will work.

Motivation can be compared to an engine, which makes a machine work and function. Similarly to engine, motivation stimulates a person develop and perform what should be performed. If a child has motivation, he or she will certainly not only go to school, which is obligatory, but will get nice grades and will become brilliant students. We all do things that are sometimes unpleasant for us. We do them because of responsibility or duties whatever. Still, if we are truly motivated, the efficiency of our activity increases several times. The main problem is to find motivation if you absolutely do not feel like doing something. In such moments we get too lazy, too indecisive, and too weak. We prefer to find numerous reasons why we just can not do this or that forgetting that as the saying goes, “Every accomplishment starts with the decision to try.” So, one of the first terms is decision.
You have to take a decision what you will be doing and, subsequently, take personal responsibility to implement that decision. The most important thing is to be responsible and keep to your word, in your own eyes. If you’ve already taken a decision, think of all possible options how to put your choice into life, think of the instruments and methods. Motivation is strongly connected to interest. As long as you have interest, you have a desire to develop yourself in this or that sphere.

Keep that interest, do not let it evaporate. Or if you feel that some activity does not bring you enjoyment any more, find another interest, but do not live without any interest. That is a direct way to depression, which causes so many problems of mental and physical character. To acquire some interests you should communicate with many people, because through communication you learn about people’s hobbies, favorite activities and life interests. You are certain to find and discover something for you.

Motivate yourself if you want to perform best, because it is inner energy, a great desire, an incentive coming from within that will serve preconditions to your success. And never stop searching for interests, because our life comprises a really great deal of them, which will make your personal living bright and vivid.

by Daniel Hunt

motivation : When Motivation Counts

Have you stopped to think just how short life really is? Do you realize that every day you spend worrying or feeling bad about yourself is one more day that you are putting off being happy? If you are ever to get the most out of life, now is the time to start. Is there a dream, purpose, or accomplishment you have desired for a long time? Then now is the time that motivation counts!

What are the components of a life worth living? Many people would say that their relationship with their spouse and their children are an important part of what makes their life worthwhile. Do keep this in mind, though. Family life and marriage are not always easy. It requires that you put time in with those special people. It requires you to learn to be patient and keep your cool, too. Right now is the time to get motivated and start taking that weekly date with your spouse. Right now is the time to start having dinner with your kids and talking about their day. Now is the time motivation counts!

If you're single, you don't have to give up hope. You can know that fulfillment, too. The person you eventually attract will depend a lot on the person you are. A good rule of thumb is to be the person you desire to make your mate. In other words, do you want someone who is patient and loyal? Honest and humble? Virtuous and hard-working? Then be those things yourself. Then get out there and meet people. Or go online. With today's internet options, there is no reason everyone can't find Mr. or Ms. Right. But now is the time to get motivated and work toward that dream. Motivation counts now!

Another thing that makes life worth living is having the ability to have fun. This can mean having enough money to take vacations and the like, and with motivation, you might be able to have the money you want. However, if you don't learn to relax and enjoy what you have, the money itself might never really bring you the fun you crave. An easy-going, up-beat, contented attitude goes farther than money when it comes to having fun. If you don't have this type of outlook, then now is the time to get motivated and become more positive. Now is when motivation counts!

Almost everyone is required to work in order to have food on the table and a roof over their head. If your job makes you miserable, then even with a great family and lots of fun, you're going to be putting in forty hours a week of misery. How can you improve this picture? Do you need to look for a job in a different line of work? Or would a successful work-at-home business be perfect for you? If your income or work tasks are unsatisfactory to you, then it's time to push yourself a little to make a change. Motivation counts now!

So when does motivation count? Maybe a better question would be, when doesn't it count?

By T Young

motivation : Hurricanes and Motivation

It is amazing sometimes how many people cannot find the motivation to do the things they need to do in their daily lives. Yet, when a major catastrophic hurricane comes along they seem to find the motivation to get out of the way and get out of town during the mandatory evacuation. If someone had that sort of motivation in their lives and took things more seriously that they do perhaps they would have a reason to propel themselves forward and achieve their goals.

A hurricane is a very motivating factor indeed. In fact hurricane Katrina motivated the President of the United States to fly back to Washington and the United States Congress to standard $200 billion to repair the Gulf Coast of the United States of America. After seeing the destruction in New Orleans when the levees broke from hurricane Katrina it has motivated us to build the levies stronger when we should have done it all along.

Had we had significant motivation prior to this to monitor and make sure that those levees were secure, safe and super strong they may not have broken in the first place. Hurricanes can be a very motivating factor indeed.

Next time you are having trouble finding motivation in one of your daily endeavors or projects perhaps you'll consider this 2006 Atlantic tropical hurricane season and the motivation it provides people to do something and tap into that if you want to accomplish your objectives. Please consider this 2006.

by Lance Winslow

Friday, August 25, 2006

motivation : Employee Motivation

There was a time when economy was not growing as fast as it is now. Employees were considered tools to produce goods and services, and there was only one difference between a good organization and a bad one: money. Organizations offering more money were good, and the ones offering less were not considered to be good.

But with the turning of a new century and with the younger generation taking over from the older ones, the entire scenario changed. The worldwide wave of globalization and liberalization also gave a fillip to the changing mindsets of the people. New studies in psychoanalysis brought forth some surprising facts: employees are not motivated solely by money, and employee behavior is directly related to their attitudes.

A systematic study on the behavioral patterns of employees in different organizations discovered that there can be a drastic change in the productivity of their work if they are given daily inspiration and motivation. Handling business operations became the secondary focus of the managers; the primary one was to tend to the needs of the employees and keep a watch on behavioral patterns.

Corporate bodies started hiring managers who could positively reinforce employee behaviors through the regular doses of motivation that lead to positive outcomes. Motivational trainers acquired great importance as they were given the responsibility to keep the entire business team happy and motivated.

Soon people started realizing the power of working with a motivated mindset. Employers understood this aspect of human psychology: by creating a congenial work environment they can make the work interesting, and by giving good wages, appreciating employees for the work done, and giving them job security, promotions and growth in the organization, they can take their business to the mountains of success. Motivation soon became a wonderful formula of success.

By Richard Romando

motivation : Are You Stuck In One Of The Common Motivation Traps?

Everyone is motivated. However they aren't always motivated by the things that we would like them to be motivated by.

There have been countless studies and case histories done on the subject of motivation. Although there are many similarities as well as differences in their ultimate results there are several concepts that can be pulled from all the research regardless of its focus or purpose.

Motivation is often seen as an illusive yet critical idea when we attempt to discover what seems to push some people forward while keeping others stuck in a way of thinking, acting or believing.

Let's look at a few common consequences of the available body of research.

One. No one can ever have it all or do it all. People have motivation in degrees. Some seem to be overflowing with it while other's have trouble getting out of bed each morning..

Two. It is individual. What motivates one person often has no affect on the next person.

Three. To be effective for the long term it must be an inside-out, not outside-in process or philosophy.

Four. The common types of motivation of fear and reward have their limitations and positive and negative consequences.

Five. People get it and lose it at various times in their life for very predictable and/or very illusive reasons.

Six. Goals, values, beliefs, expectations, attitudes, circumstances, perceptions and emotions all play a vital role in a persons ultimate motivation..

Seven. Where there is an inconsistency between talent or ability and outcomes, motivation, whether positive or negative, always plays a role in contributing to why.

Eight. You can't measure motivation. You can measure results but motivation is not the only factor contributing to results.

Nine. The word motivation contains the concepts of motive, goals or purpose and action. Purpose and motives can range from the idealistic, transitory and spiritual to the more concrete, practical and factual. Action can range from sporadic to focused, from a little to allot, from now to later.

Ten. No one can ever really know why another person does or does not do, feel or act in a certain way. Human behavior is somewhat predictable but it is not an absolute science.

Let's get back to the title of this article of common motivation traps. What are they?

As an employee as well as a business owner, father, speaker, consultant and trainer I have witnessed a variety of frustration among a great deal of people due to their lack of understanding of the concept of motivation and their relationship to and their responsibility for other people in their life.

Motivation and the amount of it, at any given time in a persons life, is a very personal thing. People can influence other people for good or for evil but the ultimate responsibility for a person's behavior is, has been and always will be, themselves. One of the greatest frustrations in a person's life is the unrealized expectation of another persons behavior. In other words, why won't my kids, spouse, parents, employees, customers, friends etc. act, think or feel the way I think they should? Why do these same people act, think and feel the way they do? Don't have a clue folks.

Our role as managers, parents, spouses, friends and so on is not to motivate other people. You see we can't really. Real motivation is an inside-out process. When we believe that we can motivate others, we are assuming motivation is an outside-in process. Our role is to create an environment where people would want to, and are able to motivate themselves.

If you look back at the two traditional motivators of fear and reward you will see that they 're both based on an outside-in philosophy. They are only as successful as the person being "motivated" is willing to let them influence them. For example if you use fear on an employee, let's say the threat of the loss of their job to get them to improve their performance. If they have the attitude, I don't need your job, I am a talented and hard working individual, I quit. Your threat was useless.

Fear and rewards as motivators are only effective if the person you are trying to motivate is concerned or interested in your threat of punishment or your reward. These motivators are really a motivational environment. Neither of these environments contribute to peak performance behavior within an individual. In the long term they are more negative than positive. Yes, even reward motivation can have its negative consequences.

People have not basically changed in the past several hundred years. Most people want the same things in life. Recognition and/or praise, challenge, a feeling they are making a contribution, security, to exercise the freedom of choice, the need to be in on things, to feel worthwhile and productive and the ability to have influence or control over their life and destiny.

If you want a motivated family, organization, team, department or group of any kind satisfy as many of the above needs for the individual or group as you can. If you want a de-motivated team, group, organization etc provide none of these.

By Tim Connor

motivation : The True Cost Of A Lack of Motivation

And what a lack of motivation means..

As you read this article you will start to understand why a lack of motivation is costing you even more than you realize.

As you read the story below notice how much you have in common with me...

Growing up I never really had much trouble getting things done. I was told what to do by my parents or by my teachers and I did what was expected of me because it was the easiest choice for me.

Getting punished never appealed to me very much.

Then as I got older and especially when I joined the workforce I could get away with doing less and with leaving things until the deadline approached.

In fact in one company where I worked it made no sense finishing work before the deadlines because management kept moving the goal posts.

And very often I worked with people who refused to stretch themselves. This culture of doing as little as you can and appearing to be productive slowly dragged me down.

Over the years as a result of experiences like these I developed bad habits.

One of those habits was a lack of motivation habit.

I can see now how a few bad choices in how I approached work affected all aspects of my life.

The same may be true for you...

What we did over the years was create bad habits that need to be given up and replaced with a new way of behaving.

Do you realize what these bad habits have cost you in your life?

1. You missed the sense of accomplishment and the satisfaction that comes with succeeding on a big scale.

2. You lost the respect of your peers and you are excluded from the winners circle.

3. You no longer feel in control of your destiny and in fact you are a victim of circumstance.

4. You earn far less than people of lesser intelligence and ability.

5. You worry about the future because you fear you may not be able to deal with things.

A lack of motivation is a bad habit you can and must change.

Now is the time to take charge of this situation. I can tell you from my own experience that nothing will change until you decide to change.

And nothing will improve until you improve it...

You owe it to yourself and to the people who care about you to seize the day and make your life something to be proud of.

The satisfaction that comes from living life on your own terms is a wonderful gift you deserve to enjoy. And you will only have this once you know how to motivate yourself to create the life you dream of.

My income jumped, my social life improved dramatically and new opportunities for having even more of what I wanted all came about for me. But only after I learned the secrets of self-motivation and how to kill a lack of motivation.

The world did not change. Other people did not change. I changed.

Only When YOU change will your world change for the better.

Before I go...

Think of those people who look down on your lack of progress and take you for granted. Think of that sense you have of not been in control.

All of these feelings of dissatisfaction are not going to disappear-- in fact they will dominate your life as the years pass you by.

These issues are not going to go away all by themselves.

I tried the wait and see approach - it does not work!

Thankfully there is a solution, a proven way of taking charge of your life and developing self-motivation.

*** Motivation is an essential life skill and you can discover how to be motivated and stay motivated. ***

Although some lucky people seem to be born highly motivated, if you are of at least average intelligence you can learn how to be motivated.

No matter how unmotivated you have been up to now.

The secret to being motivated is to discover the motivation blueprint that is right for you.

Imagine no longer having a lack of motivation!

By Peter Murphy

Wednesday, August 16, 2006

motivation : Motivation and engagement

Motivation and engagement in Edna Dunn-Rogers' multiage class of third- and fourth- grade students is readily evident. It's not the curriculum or specific models used (though those things are important), instead it is the philosophies that guide her practice which make the biggest impact on students. She believes strongly that children's environments shape their minds. She also believes that when they are in her classroom, she is their environment. The way she interacts with them plays a critical role in their development as students and individuals. She sees that her role is to provide a positive environment for students and then to let them learn in whatever way is best for them. Success is measured on an individual basis, recognizing that it means different things to different students. With this understanding, Dunn-Rogers begins each year by emphasizing the importance of community in the classroom. She tells her students that they are a family and that everything that happens in the class should build up the family. As a group they discuss hopes and expectations for each of them. The students encourage each other to do their best work and portray caring attitudes toward one another. They understand that they are responsible for their own actions.

She also sets the tone by emphasizing the importance of respect -- respect for differences, for choices, and for diversity in general. Throughout the year she tries to help students broaden their perspective in how they view others. They learn that there is more than one way to find an answer. Schoolwide activities at Meadows, such as the annual Multicultural Fair, also give students a deeper appreciation for diversity. This event taps into the school's rich cultural variety by bringing in families and cultural experts for a one-day celebration that offers the community a close-up look at the food, dress, dance, and customs from around the world. With more than nine unique cultures represented at Meadows, the event raises awareness among teachers, students, and parents and helps them recognize the importance of diversity in their community.

In matters of classroom management, consistency is key in Dunn-Rogers' room. Not one to yell, she works instead toward helping students become metacognitive thinkers who can manage themselves. When problems do arise, they are dealt with directly. Solutions are followed through with and successes are always celebrated.

Students are empowered in Dunn-Rogers' classroom to be more than learners. They are also teachers. At the beginning of the school year she asks students what subject they feel they are particularly good in. Based on their responses, students all have the opportunity to become peer teachers in one of several classroom study groups. Each study group of four students meets on a regular basis, with the peer teacher leading and assisting fellow students. There are study groups for math and reading, as well as social studies. Most of the groups meet three times a week, oftentimes during recess (the groups do not meet during regular instruction time). This instructional strategy provides struggling students with additional practice. It also bolsters the confidence of peer teachers who recognize the importance of their contribution to the classroom community.

Beyond instruction, Dunn-Rogers feels that it is vitally important to share in the lives of her students. To her it means spending personal time with them. If they ask her to attend their church, she will. If they want her to come to their home, she does. It's her way of letting them know how much they mean to her. This level of attention doesn't end when they leave her classroom, either; she strives to stay in touch with students as they progress throughout their lives. This means attending graduation ceremonies, making phone calls, or doing whatever is necessary to communicate her concern for their success. She knows that her enthusiasm and encouragement of each student can make the difference in a child's self-esteem and long-term growth.

by Dunn-Rogers

motivation : Strategies for Increasing Motivation

Ample research has demonstrated that school practices can and do affect a student's level of motivation (Lumsden, 1994). Skinner and Belmont (1991) caution, however, that this may not always be for the better:

If left to run their typical course, teachers tend to magnify children's initial levels of motivation. This is fine for students who enter the classroom motivationally "rich"; they will "get rich." However, for students whose motivation is low, their typical classroom experiences may result in its further deterioration

To be sure, efforts to promote student motivation need not be directed solely at students who have low levels of motivation. All students (and all schools, for that matter) would benefit from higher levels of engagement and motivation to succeed (Anderman & Midgley, 1998; Lumsden, 1994). Following are suggestions for both teachers and administrators seeking to increase students' motivation to learn:

At the classroom level:

Use extrinsic rewards sparingly. If extrinsic motivators are to be used, they are most effective when rewards are closely related to the task accomplished. Also, rewards should only be given when they are clearly deserved. Giving a prize for minimally successful work sends the message that minimum effort is acceptable, and the reward then becomes meaningless.

Ensure that classroom expectations for performance and behavior are clear and consistent (Skinner & Belmont, 1991). Help students understand the criteria for individual assignments by giving them examples of high-, average-, and low-level work and then providing an opportunity to discuss how each piece was evaluated.

Make students feel welcome and supported (Lumsden, 1994). Elementary school students in particular need to feel that teachers are involved in their lives. Take time to get to know students, talk to them individually, and "express enjoyment in [your] interactions" (Skinner & Belmont, 1991).
Respond positively to student questions, and praise students verbally for work well done (Dev, 1997).

Work to build quality relationships with students, especially those considered to be at-risk and without other positive adult interaction; this is a critical factor of student engagement that allows children to foster a sense of connection with school (McCombs & Pope, 1994).

Break large tasks into a series of smaller goals (Lumsden, 1994). Doing so prevents students from becoming overwhelmed and discouraged by lengthy projects.
Promote mastery learning (Anderman & Midgley, 1998). "When a student completes an assignment that does not meet the expected criteria, give her or him one or more opportunities to tackle the task again, with guidelines on how to achieve the desired result"
Evaluate student work as soon as possible after project completion, and be sure that feedback is clear and constructive (Strong et al., 1995).
Evaluate students based on the task, not in comparison to other students (Anderman & Midgley, 1998; Dev, 1997; Lumsden, 1994).
At the school and district levels:

Make increasing student motivation a priority in school reform and restructuring efforts (Renchler, 1992; Skinner & Belmont, 1991).
Create a school culture that emphasizes the importance of academic achievement. Design schoolwide symbols to show students that learning is valuable and that the entire staff is invested in students' success (Renchler, 1992).
Model and communicate the value of lifelong learning (McCombs & Whisler, 1997;.

Develop a school climate that recognizes individual differences, encourages creativity, and gives both teachers and students a sense of autonomy. Particularly important is allowing students and teachers to have some degree of control over teaching and learning (McCombs & Whisler, 1997).

Support teachers' efforts to increase student motivation, encouraging student-centered learning and outcomes-based instruction (McCombs & Whisler, 1997; Renchler, 1992). Additionally, recognize teachers' individual learning needs and be supportive of their continuing education and involvement in research (McCombs & Whisler, 1997).
Provide and participate in professional development activities that deal with motivation, effective use of homework, and student engagement (Renchler, 1992).

Finally, develop ways to involve parents (McCombs & Whisler, 1997). Discuss the issue of motivation with parents, involve them in the school's efforts to increase student engagement, and "give them guidance in fostering [motivation] in their children".

© 2001 Northwest Regional Educational Laboratory